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Is a Fungus Among Us?

Beware employee theft of trade secrets, intellectual property and clients

June 2008 By Denny Hatch
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In the News

Barbie’S REVENGE
Brawl Over Doll Is Heading to Trial, Mattel Alleges Skulduggery in Claim to Rival’s Bratz Design

LOS ANGELES — Four years ago, Mattel Inc. exhorted its executives to help save Barbie from a new doll clique called the Bratz. ... In a lawsuit set for trial on Tuesday in Riverside, Calif., Mattel accuses MGA Entertainment Inc., the maker of Bratz, of essentially stealing the idea for the pouty-lipped dolls with the big heads. Mattel is trying to seize ownership of the Bratz line, which analysts estimate racks up annual sales of more than $500 million. MGA denies wrongdoing, and accuses Mattel in a separate suit of copying Bratz.
—Nicholas Casey, The Wall Street Journal, May 23, 2008
Here are two stories about people working for two businesses—an employee in one and members of the board in the other—who knew a lot about their respective companies.

Both allegedly annexed a core product and went into competition with it.

Both cases have resulted in lawsuits and countersuits.

A person that would do this to an employer is a fungus—a parasitic organism that obtains nourishment by locking onto a host and sucking it dry.

What can you do if such a person is loose in your company?

If you have an idea for a new product, do you develop it and then offer it to your current employer? Or do you surreptitiously shop it elsewhere?

If so, why?

A Personal Digression
In 1964 I got a job selling advertising for Library Journal, a magazine published by R.R. Bowker. At the time, book publishers produced seasonal catalogs—usually fall and spring—which were mailed to the Bowker editorial department as well as to booksellers, wholesalers, agents, foreign rights buyers, schools and libraries.

Arriving in the mail at different times, these catalogs came in various sizes and shapes and were stuffed into files, where they spilled out and were a perpetual nightmare to keep current. I figured a better information system had to exist, one that was more efficient, user friendly and less costly to the individual publisher, who was spending a fortune on composition, printing, binding and mailing.

At a client’s office, I discovered how British publishers dealt with the problem of catalogs. In the waiting room was a multivolume set of fat, paperbound books—a compendium of publishers’ catalogs bound together alphabetically. It was produced and shipped by The Bookseller—the British version of Publishers Weekly. From this I came up with the idea for “Publishers Combined Seasonal Catalogs”—same format as the U.K. product, same concept—and quietly floated the idea to a number of my clients who advertised with Library Journal.

Some publishers loved it. They immediately saw that by participating in this format (1) their catalogs would not be lost in an overstuffed file drawer and therefore would be far more easily accessible, and (2) this co-op binding and distribution system would save considerable money. Further, they could produce overruns for their sales representatives and as giveaways at the American Booksellers and Library Association conferences, as well as regional gatherings.

Takeaway Points to Consider:

* As an employee, you come up with a great idea for a new product that could be a moneymaker. Do you trust your current managers enough to give them first dibs? Or would you keep it secret and surreptitiously offer it to competitors?

* As an employer, do you encourage new ideas from within and—if they come to fruition—are the creators rewarded?

* As an employer, do you engender trust among those who work for and with you?

* If not, why not?

* If an employee is drawing salary and benefits, then according to United States copyright law, if “the work was done within the scope of his employment (whether the work is the kind he was employed prepare; whether the preparation takes place primarily within the employer’s time and place specifications; and whether the work was activated, at least in part, by a purpose to serve the employer), then the work is a work for hire and the employer is the initial owner of the copyright, rather than the employee who actually conceived and fixed the expression.”

* Carter Bryant maintained that he conceived and developed the Bratz doll when he was at home in Missouri and not in the employ of Mattel. Therefore, he reasoned, he owned it and had the right to sell it to MGA.

* Employers and employees alike are urged to look carefully into the pros and cons of noncompete contracts.

* If you’re working up a new idea on your own, always use your personal computer and cellphone. Don’t leave a digital trail of memos, notes, proposals or e-mail exchanges on the company server. Do not use the company phone to make calls or receive calls about your project. Do not leave a paper trail in your filing cabinet.

* If you swim with sharks, chances are you will be eaten.

Web Sites Related to Today's Edition:

“Should Congress Shut Down eBay?”
http://tinyurl.com/3rx27h

“Brawl Over Doll Is Heading to Trial”
http://tinyurl.com/3wwxlw

“Little Hotties” from The New Yorker
http://tinyurl.com/3dwznn

Jury selection starts in Mattel lawsuit over Bratz
http://tinyurl.com/4wzvs7

eBay Complaint v. Craigslist
http://tinyurl.com/5q7ynz

Craigslist Countersuit
http://tinyurl.com/47p3bm

Noncompete contracts: pros and cons
http://tinyurl.com/4g3sgl
 
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COMMENTS

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Most Recent Comments:
john friesen - Posted on June 03, 2008
My only comment is that sharks rarely kill and eat humans, even if they do attack them. You're far more likely to be eaten by a cowboy capitalist!
Alison Taylor - Posted on June 03, 2008
If Mattel wants to boost sales, why don't they produce a Barbie doll WITHOUT the large boobs that scream "I had plastic surgery to be a porn star!" I think more mothers would feel better about Barbie if she was anatomically correct - meaning, breasts that don't induce back pain. Bratz dolls are less voluptuous, and perhaps that's why Carter thought Mattel wouldn't be interested in them. But it's odd that he didn't try to solicit interest instead of shopping his idea elsewhere. If he signed any kind of non-compete agreement, he must have known Bratz would get him in trouble with Mattel. Great article, Denny! Keep us posted. A final aside, regarding dolls dressing like streetwalkers, we have TV/pop culture to thank for that - the dolls only mirror what's hot now. Fashion has found it's way into toys, like it or not.
Wash Phillips - Posted on June 03, 2008
I long wondered why the Work For Hire principle did not apply to photographers. In my experience creating/producing promotional and other print materials, photographers?hired at respectable (or even exorbitant) day rates plus reimbursement for film stock and processing?blithely assumed the outtakes from the shoot (and often the principal shots as well) were their property to sell on the stock footage market. Some photogs ?allowed? the hiring entity an original limited use, after which additional usage fees were due (like residuals in the broadcast world, regulated by actors? union contracts). Shooters assumed ownership their droit du seigneur as if they created the shots?idea and fulfillment?from whole cloth, and were paid nothing for it! However, non-name models had (like this lowly creator/writer) no rights or opportunity to sell those same depictions of their visages (or my soul-stirring copy) elsewhere. Irony or infamy?
Brent D. Gardner, CLU, ChFC - Posted on June 03, 2008
I don't like eBay, either. I know a guy that is making a killing on it, and he's even traveled overseas to find manufacturers that will copy virtually anything (they solicited him to come over, too). When a guy can make $100,000 per month from his basement, it's easy to see how the power of stealing can overwhelm even the most conscientious among us. That is, until the feds come knocking on your door, as happened with that guy that copied Oakley. I know local optometrists that sell Foakleys all the time, and none of them think they are doing wrong.
Dev. Kinney - Posted on June 03, 2008
My experience has been that one is precluded from taking ideas outside one's client or employer's purveyance by a combination of private media coalitions and government surveillance. That is, even if you could afford the inflated promotion and media costs.
Click here to view archived comments...
Archived Comments:
john friesen - Posted on June 03, 2008
My only comment is that sharks rarely kill and eat humans, even if they do attack them. You're far more likely to be eaten by a cowboy capitalist!
Alison Taylor - Posted on June 03, 2008
If Mattel wants to boost sales, why don't they produce a Barbie doll WITHOUT the large boobs that scream "I had plastic surgery to be a porn star!" I think more mothers would feel better about Barbie if she was anatomically correct - meaning, breasts that don't induce back pain. Bratz dolls are less voluptuous, and perhaps that's why Carter thought Mattel wouldn't be interested in them. But it's odd that he didn't try to solicit interest instead of shopping his idea elsewhere. If he signed any kind of non-compete agreement, he must have known Bratz would get him in trouble with Mattel. Great article, Denny! Keep us posted. A final aside, regarding dolls dressing like streetwalkers, we have TV/pop culture to thank for that - the dolls only mirror what's hot now. Fashion has found it's way into toys, like it or not.
Wash Phillips - Posted on June 03, 2008
I long wondered why the Work For Hire principle did not apply to photographers. In my experience creating/producing promotional and other print materials, photographers?hired at respectable (or even exorbitant) day rates plus reimbursement for film stock and processing?blithely assumed the outtakes from the shoot (and often the principal shots as well) were their property to sell on the stock footage market. Some photogs ?allowed? the hiring entity an original limited use, after which additional usage fees were due (like residuals in the broadcast world, regulated by actors? union contracts). Shooters assumed ownership their droit du seigneur as if they created the shots?idea and fulfillment?from whole cloth, and were paid nothing for it! However, non-name models had (like this lowly creator/writer) no rights or opportunity to sell those same depictions of their visages (or my soul-stirring copy) elsewhere. Irony or infamy?
Brent D. Gardner, CLU, ChFC - Posted on June 03, 2008
I don't like eBay, either. I know a guy that is making a killing on it, and he's even traveled overseas to find manufacturers that will copy virtually anything (they solicited him to come over, too). When a guy can make $100,000 per month from his basement, it's easy to see how the power of stealing can overwhelm even the most conscientious among us. That is, until the feds come knocking on your door, as happened with that guy that copied Oakley. I know local optometrists that sell Foakleys all the time, and none of them think they are doing wrong.
Dev. Kinney - Posted on June 03, 2008
My experience has been that one is precluded from taking ideas outside one's client or employer's purveyance by a combination of private media coalitions and government surveillance. That is, even if you could afford the inflated promotion and media costs.